{
  "version": "2026-08-28",
  "canonical": "https://pawcosts.com/tools/dog-age-calculator/",
  "formula": "16 * ln(calendar_years) + 31",
  "formula_source": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2020.06.006",
  "research_population": "104 Labrador retrievers; source study sampled ages 0.1 to 16 years",
  "display_range_years": [
    1,
    16
  ],
  "display_range_is_editorial_not_clinical": true,
  "input": "whole years plus months / 12",
  "shortcut": "7 * calendar_years",
  "chart_and_table": "Calculated formula values, not observed methylation records",
  "breed_context_source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w",
  "breed_context_table": "Supplementary Table S3",
  "breed_context_count": 146,
  "breed_adjustment_to_formula": false,
  "individual_prediction": false,
  "clinical_review": "Not recorded; no diagnosis or care recommendation",
  "chart_and_calculated_table_license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
}